This Review summarizes the experience of the pro-environmental ways of balanced development in Tajikistan to further promote a “green” economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication. This being the case, most of the focus is on the role of water as the most important natural resource in all its uses in different sectors, and in the development of a “green” economy in the country in general. The Review reveals a huge resource potential and opportunities of Tajikistan for transition to a “green” economy and attraction of international organizations and development partners for elaboration of a more detailed mid- and long-term national “green” economy plan.